--- title: "United nations conference on trade and development (unctad)" description: "A United Nations agency whose work in shipping includes the liner code involving the sharing of cargoes between shipping lines." url: "https://oceancargo.co.uk/shipping-terms/united-nations-conference-on-trade-and-development-unctad" date: "2026-05-01T05:55:52+00:00" language: "en-GB" --- ![Ocean Cargo](https://oceancargo.co.uk/images/GenPics/OCs-Customs-Brokerage.webp) # UNCTAD: Understanding Its Role in Global Shipping and Trade ## What is UNCTAD? A Foundation for Global Trade The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is a permanent intergovernmental body established in 1964. As a principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly, its primary mission is to support developing countries in their efforts to integrate into the global economy and improve their development prospects. While its mandate is broad, encompassing trade, finance, technology, investment, and sustainable development, its influence on the shipping and freight industry is particularly significant. UNCTAD serves as a forum for intergovernmental deliberations, research, and technical assistance. It aims to foster a more equitable and efficient global economic system, advocating for policies that promote inclusive growth and sustainable development. For businesses engaged in international trade, understanding UNCTAD's role is crucial, as its initiatives and recommendations often shape the regulatory landscape and operational environment of global logistics. At Ocean Cargo, we closely monitor the evolving international trade framework, including the work of organisations like UNCTAD, to ensure our clients benefit from the most up-to-date advice and compliant shipping solutions. Our expertise in [customs compliance](https://oceancargo.co.uk/services/customs-compliance/) and global logistics ensures your cargo navigates the complexities of international regulations seamlessly. ## UNCTAD's Impact on the Shipping Industry UNCTAD's involvement in shipping is multifaceted, focusing on promoting fair competition, enhancing efficiency, and supporting the maritime capabilities of developing nations. Its work directly influences the operational and regulatory aspects of global freight forwarding. Key areas of impact include: - **Policy Development and Advocacy:** UNCTAD conducts extensive research and analysis on maritime transport trends, port development, and logistics. It provides policy recommendations to governments, aiming to create a more stable and predictable environment for international trade. - **Technical Assistance:** Through various programmes, UNCTAD offers technical assistance to developing countries to improve their port management, customs procedures, and overall logistics [infrastructure](https://oceancargo.co.uk/industries/construction-infrastructure-logistics "infrastructure"). This support helps streamline trade routes and reduce shipping costs globally. - **Legal and Regulatory Frameworks:** UNCTAD has been instrumental in the development of international conventions and legal instruments related to maritime transport, influencing everything from cargo liability to multimodal transport. - **Data and Statistics:** It collects and disseminates vital statistics on maritime transport, providing valuable insights into global shipping volumes, fleet sizes, and port performance. This data is essential for strategic planning within the industry. For businesses relying on international shipping, UNCTAD's efforts contribute to a more transparent and efficient global supply chain. Ocean Cargo leverages this understanding to provide robust [sea freight services](https://oceancargo.co.uk/services/sea-freight/) and [air freight solutions](https://oceancargo.co.uk/services/air-freight/), ensuring your goods move efficiently across borders. ## The Liner Code: A Landmark UNCTAD Initiative One of UNCTAD's most significant contributions to the shipping world is the "United Nations Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences," commonly known as the Liner Code. Adopted in 1974, this convention aimed to regulate the practices of liner conferences – groups of shipping lines that agree on freight rates and sailing schedules on specific routes. ### Key Provisions and Objectives of the Liner Code: 1. **Cargo Sharing:** The most contentious and impactful provision was the 40/40/20 rule. This stipulated that 40% of the cargo on a given trade route should be carried by the national shipping lines of the exporting country, 40% by the national shipping lines of the importing country, and the remaining 20% by third-country (cross-trader) shipping lines. 2. **Fair Practices:** The Code sought to ensure fair competition, prevent monopolistic practices, and provide a framework for consultations between liner conferences and shippers. 3. **Transparency:** It aimed to bring greater transparency to freight rates and surcharges, making it easier for shippers to understand and negotiate terms. 4. **Protection for Developing Countries:** A primary objective was to enable developing countries to establish and develop their own national merchant fleets and participate more actively in the carriage of their own foreign trade. While the Liner Code faced significant opposition from traditional maritime powers and its direct application has diminished with the liberalisation of shipping markets, its principles continue to resonate. It highlighted the need for equitable participation in global trade and influenced subsequent discussions on competition and market access in the shipping industry. Ocean Cargo understands the historical context and current dynamics of global shipping, providing expert guidance on all aspects of your international shipments, whether you're shipping [excavators and diggers to the UAE](https://oceancargo.co.uk/countries/uae/excavators-diggers-uae) or [wind turbine components to Australia](https://oceancargo.co.uk/countries/australia/wind-turbine-components-blades-nacelles-tower-sections-australia). ## UNCTAD's Ongoing Relevance in Modern Logistics Despite the evolution of global trade and the decline of the Liner Code's direct influence, UNCTAD remains a vital player in shaping the future of international logistics. Its current work focuses on: - **Digitalisation of Trade:** Promoting the adoption of digital solutions, such as electronic bills of lading and blockchain technology, to enhance efficiency and reduce paperwork in international trade. - **Sustainable Maritime Transport:** Advocating for greener shipping practices, including reducing emissions and promoting sustainable port development, aligning with global environmental goals. - **Trade Facilitation:** Working with countries to simplify and harmonise customs procedures, reducing delays and costs for businesses. This is particularly relevant for complex routes like [sea freight to Canada](https://oceancargo.co.uk/countries/canada/sea-freight-canada) or [customs brokerage for the USA](https://oceancargo.co.uk/countries/usa/customs-brokerage-usa). - **Capacity Building:** Continuing to support developing countries in strengthening their logistics capabilities, improving connectivity, and integrating into global value chains. - **Addressing Supply Chain Resilience:** Analysing and proposing solutions for disruptions in global supply chains, a critical issue highlighted by recent global events. Ocean Cargo stays abreast of these developments, integrating best practices and innovative solutions into our service offerings. Our commitment to continuous improvement ensures that our clients receive forward-thinking and resilient freight forwarding services. #### What is the main purpose of UNCTAD? UNCTAD's main purpose is to support developing countries in integrating into the global economy and achieving sustainable development through trade, investment, and technology. It acts as a forum for policy discussions, research, and technical assistance. #### How does UNCTAD affect freight forwarders like Ocean Cargo? UNCTAD's work influences the regulatory environment, promotes trade facilitation, and advocates for efficient and sustainable shipping practices. While not directly regulating freight forwarders, its initiatives shape the global trade landscape, impacting customs procedures, port efficiency, and the overall ease of international shipping. Ocean Cargo monitors these developments to ensure compliance and provide optimal service. #### Is the UNCTAD Liner Code still in effect? While the United Nations Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences (the Liner Code) was influential, its direct application and the 40/40/20 cargo-sharing rule have largely diminished due to the liberalisation of shipping markets and changes in international trade law. However, its principles regarding fair competition and the participation of developing countries continue to be relevant in broader discussions. #### Does UNCTAD provide shipping services? No, UNCTAD is a United Nations agency that focuses on policy, research, and technical assistance related to trade and development. It does not directly provide shipping or freight forwarding services. Companies like Ocean Cargo are the service providers that handle the physical movement of goods. ### Ready to simplify your global logistics? Get advice and a quote for your next shipment. Contact the Ocean Cargo team to start shipping. 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